JavaSeleniumQuickReference < Automation

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Java & Selenium - Dependencies

Selenium Core
Latest release: https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.seleniumhq.selenium/selenium-java -→
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
    <version>3.141.59</version>
</dependency>

Selectors

Type	Enumeration	Example
Class Name	By.CLASS_NAME	By.className("confirm")
CSS Selector	By.CSS_SELECTOR	By.cssSelector("input[name='quantity']")
ID	By.ID	By.id("confirm-update")
Link Text	By.LINK_TEXT	By.linkText("Return to Cart")
Name	By.NAME	By.name("quantity")
Partial Link Text	By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT	By.partialLinkText("Cart")
Tag Name	By.TAG_NAME	By.tagName("button")
XPath	By.XPATH	By.xpath("//input[@value='3']")

Example HTML:

<html>
  <body>
    <a href="/account">Return to Cart</a>
    <input type="text" name="quantity" value="3">
    <button id="confirm-update" class="confirm">Confirm</button>
  </body>
<html>

Type	Example	Explanation
Basic CSS Selector	By.cssSelector("input)
CSS Attribute	By.cssSelector("input[name='quantity']")
Doesn't Contain Attribute	By.cssSelector("input:not([name='quantity']")	Matches input not containing name='quantity'
Multiple CSS Attribute	By.cssSelector("input[name='quantity'][data='test']");	Select inputs where name='quantity' & data='test'
Partial Class Match	By.cssSelector("input[class*='beta']")
Select Child by Count	By.cssSelector("li:nth-child(2)")	Select li element which is the 2nd child

Type	Example	Explanation
Relative Path	//ul/li	Select occurences of li under a ul element
Relative Path (Chain)	//ul//a	Select an a element under a ul element, even if the ul is not the direct parent
XPath Attribute (Class)	//button[@class='confirm']	Class(es) must match exactly, equivalent to CSS selector button[class='confirm']
XPath Partial Class	//input[contains(@class,'beta')]	Equivalent to CSS selector *input[class='beta']**
XPath Start Text	//button[starts-with(@class, 'con')]	Matches partial attribute starting at beginning
XPath Negation	//input[not(contains(@name, 'quantity'))]	Matches attribute is NOT equal, equivalent to CSS selector input:not([name='quantity']
Child	//span/child::a	Select an a element that is the child of span
Count	//*[count(li)=3]	Select any element that has 3 li children
Parent	//a/parent::span	Select an a element that has span as a parent
Preceding	//div/preceding::button	Select a button element that occurs in the hierarchy before a div element

Example Tests

Check for a broken image using the 'naturalWidth' attribute

@Test
public void brokenImageCheck() {
    getDriver().get("http://the-internet.herokuapp.com/broken_images");

    List<WebElement> images = getDriver().findElements(By.cssSelector(".example > img"));
    images.forEach(image → Assert.assertEquals(image.getAttribute("naturalWidth"),"120"));
}

Lorem	Ipsum	Dolor	Sit	Amet	Diceret	Action
Iuvaret0	Apeirian0	Adipisci0	Definiebas0	Consequuntur0	Phaedrum0	edit delete
Iuvaret1	Apeirian1	Adipisci1	Definiebas1	Consequuntur1	Phaedrum1	edit delete
Iuvaret2	Apeirian2	Adipisci2	Definiebas2	Consequuntur2	Phaedrum2	edit delete
Iuvaret3	Apeirian3	Adipisci3	Definiebas3	Consequuntur3	Phaedrum3	edit delete
Iuvaret4	Apeirian4	Adipisci4	Definiebas4	Consequuntur4	Phaedrum4	edit delete
Iuvaret5	Apeirian5	Adipisci5	Definiebas5	Consequuntur5	Phaedrum5	edit delete
Iuvaret6	Apeirian6	Adipisci6	Definiebas6	Consequuntur6	Phaedrum6	edit delete
Iuvaret7	Apeirian7	Adipisci7	Definiebas7	Consequuntur7	Phaedrum7	edit delete
Iuvaret8	Apeirian8	Adipisci8	Definiebas8	Consequuntur8	Phaedrum8	edit delete
Iuvaret9	Apeirian9	Adipisci9	Definiebas9	Consequuntur9	Phaedrum9	edit delete

Selenium - Helpful Methods

	Explanation	Example
get()	Navigate to a URL	get("https://www.ultranauts.com")
getCurrentUrl()	String value for URL of the current page	driver.getCurrentUrl()
getTitle()	String value for page/tab title	driver.getTitle()
switchTo().alert()	Set focus to a JavaScript alert	driver.switchTo().alert()
close()	Close the current browser window only	driver.close()
quit()	Close all windows & terminates the session	driver.quit()
isDisplayed()	True/false if an element is displayed or not	driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name='username']")).isDisplayed()
isEnabled()	True/false if a user can interact with an element or not	driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name='username']")).isEnabled()
isSelected()	True/false if a checkbox/dropdown/radio is chosen or not	driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name='username']")).isSelected()
navigate().back()	Navigate the browser to the previous page	driver.navigate().back()
navigate().forward()	Navigate the browser to the next page	driver.navigate().forward()
navigate().refresh()	Refresh the browser	driver.navigate().refresh()

Selenium - Practice Sites

Site	Notes
http://the-internet.herokuapp.com/	Contains a variety of UI scenarios
https://www.saucedemo.com/	eCommerce demo with login, cart & checkout
http://automationpractice.com/	eCommerce practice site
https://www.techlistic.com/p/selenium-practice-form.html	A practice form with many different elements
https://phptravels.com/demo/	Travel demo site with several scenarios

Selenium - Helpful Courses

Site	Notes
Selenium Support Classes	Course covering the support classes of WebDriver
Selenium Automation Frameworks	Course with an overview of Selenium in Ruby, Node.js & Java
Selenium Synchronization Strategies	Course covering various strategies for WebDriver synchronization
Selenium Page Objects & Automation	Course covering page object design & abstraction

-- MayaMcKela - 08 Jun 2021

Topic revision: r10 - 08 Jun 2021, MayaMcKela

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