Code that allows applications to communicate with one another.
It is NOT the database or even the server, it is the code that governs the access point(s) for the server.
They allow allow access to data from outside sources, for example:
An API request can be sent detailing the information we want.
APIs also allow sites to alter data on other applications. For instance “Share on Facebook” or “Share on Twitter” buttons allow the site you’re visiting to communicate with your Facebook or Twitter account, and alter its data by adding new status or tweet. [1]